There is increasing concern among policy makers, researchers and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) worldwide about increasing threats to global water resources and worsening water-related problems. An estimated 1.1 billion people worldwide do not have access to safe drinking water. This situation could worsen as clean water resources become more limited due to increase in water demand for domestic, industrial and irrigation needs. Faced with water shortage, millions of people worldwide rely on unsafe sources for their daily needs. This lack of clean and safe water in many parts of the world has lead to disease outbreaks such as cholera, typhoid fever and many other water related diseases. The potential impact of climate change on global water resources is expected to further worsen the situation.
2. Similarly there is also concern among all stakeholders in Malaysia about the threats to the country’s water resources although we are blessed we abundant water resources with 3000 mm of annual rainfall. We are being confronted with numerous issues related to water resources such as inadequate quantity in certain areas, degrading water quality of rivers, lakes and ground water, uneven distribution, floodings, and droughts. These problems are further excerbated by institutional fragmentation, disuniformity in legislations, lack of enforcement and absence of a national policy on water resource.
3. Water resource management in this country whether it is at the federal or state level, is still sectorally managed. This approach often results in overlappings and conflicts among the stakeholders especailly when it comes to the implementation of water development projects. The disparity and disuniformity in the present legislations and enactments adopted by the states further aggravates the existing problems.
4. Another worrying concern is with regard to the demand for water which will increase with increase in human population, urbanisation and rapid development. According to the National Water Resources Study 2000, the counry’s water requirement will increase by 63 % from 11 billion m3 (2008) to 17.7 billlion m3 (2050). The challenge to meet this increase will be be compounded with the phenomenon of climate change which may affect our country’s clean water availability in the years to come.